1. Solid-State Batteries :
How Do They Work?
Instead of relying on a liquid or gel electrolyte, solid-state batteries use a solid electrolyte. These solid electrolytes are typically ceramic, glass, solid polymer, or made with sulfites.
How Will They Be Used?
Following its announcement that it would test solid-state batteries, BMW received its first batch in November of 2023 from Solid Power and has continued to work on prototypes. However, the company won’t be able to produce solid-state battery-powered cars until after 2030. Meanwhile, Toyota could launch solid-state battery-powered cars as soon as 2026. Solid-state batteries are already being used in pacemakers and some smartwatches, and devices like smartphones and tablets could soon follow.
Pros and Cons of Solid-State Batteries
Compared to lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries are more efficient and pack more power with the same size battery. As a result, EV batteries could become more compact, charge faster, and weigh less, increasing range. According to CAR Magazine, solid-state batteries are believed to last longer — with up to seven times more recharges during their lifetime. They’re also believed to be safer, because the solid electrolyte material is fireproof, unlike lithium-ion batteries, which are known to pose a fire risk.
Currently, the one drawback to solid-state batteries is how difficult it is to scale a technology in its early stage for widespread use, given testing and limited production capabilities. In addition, it takes time to engineer and verify the performance of solid-state batteries, contributing to delayed release dates for some companies.
